Colour · language · computation

The Purpur–purple inequality.

The German Purpur and the English purple look like direct translations. Their colours, however, are not quite the same.

Read the original paper
Purpur and purple on a colour wheel Two highlighted arcs show German Purpur nearer red and English purple nearer blue.
PURPUR PURPLE redder bluer

The question

One word family, two chromatic centres.

Goethe used Purpur repeatedly in his Farbenlehre. Charles Eastlake’s influential English translation often rendered it not as purple, but as red.

That is not simply a translator’s eccentricity. Historical references—from Roman purpureus to cardinals’ robes and coronation garments—place the German colour family closer to red. Modern English purple, by contrast, occupies a noticeably bluer region.

The observation opens a larger question from linguistic relativity: how can we compare what colour words refer to across languages without relying only on introspection?

Portrait of Cardinal Richelieu in red robes
Cardinal Richelieu: historically “purple”, visibly red.

The method

Using image search as a linguistic measuring instrument.

Search results turn a word into a sample of images. Their colour distributions can make the word’s typical hue empirically visible.

  1. 01Collect image-search results for each colour term.
  2. 02Extract dominant hues from the image sample.
  3. 03Compare the distributions in a circular colour space.

The result

Purpur is, measurably, redder.

Purpur13°
Purple76°

The original analysis supports the historical and linguistic observation: German Purpur clusters towards red, while English purple shifts towards blue.